腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病症.. Urachal Cyst 褶尿管溃疡A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )褶尿管溃疡可知褶和食道之间，往往位于褶尿管的下1/3 ，但也可可知仅位于褶下。这些溃疡可乏善可陈为几乎无；也或低；也。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 平面图11A，褶尿管溃疡，此溃疡已受病菌，内部含有微弱；也的液体。B，褶尿管溃疡，紧绷的溃疡前壁产生照射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴囊小肠异位Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润阴囊小肠异位是阴囊康复的长期合并症，无特殊乏善可陈，但可于以前手术的瘢痕东南侧见一局部肿物，并有周期持续性的疼痛和发炎。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 平面图12 ，剖宫产右眼东南侧阴囊小肠异位

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).颈直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作持续性头痛后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因往往是抗凝治疗或出血持续性疾病。由于血肿管制于颈直肌鞘内，往往不很大，其形状根据所东南侧位置而定，在弓形中央线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，公转周期黄绿色上下方向，可于一侧见到（平面图13A）；在弓形中央线以下，由于颈白中央线缺如，可扩展横过中中央线，因此血肿乏善可陈为分齿状，其小得多长度位于横轴上。在胎儿浸润血肿可可知褶上平行扩展（平面图13B、C）。术后低质量持续性血管内凋亡的病人可于浸润手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（平面图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 平面图13A，一中年妇女剧烈头痛后颈直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示颈横腹腔。B，胎儿浸润血肿。C，一胎儿褶微血管附着东南侧侧面的浸润血肿。UV，褶微血管。D，一低质量持续性血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后病人右眼东南侧浸润血肿。

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